Racing to meet an end-of-year deadline, House Speaker John A. Boehner said Monday the House will insist on a full-year extension of the payroll tax cut and demanded senators cut short their Christmas vacation, return to Washington and hash out an agreement the old-fashioned way.

“The president has said repeatedly no one should be going on vacation until the work is done. Democratic leaders in the House and Senate have said exactly the same thing,” Mr. Boehner, Ohio Republican, said at a morning press conference.

Mr. Boehner stunned senators and the White House on Sunday when he rejected the bipartisan two-month deal the Senate passed a day earlier, 89-10. He said that doing tax cuts in two-month increments doesn’t give the economy certainty.

The House on Monday night is expected to vote to reject the Senate plan and to send the two versions into a conference committee, which is the traditional way of resolving fights between the two chambers.

Conference committees have been rare in recent years, but the House and Senate just concluded a successful one last week with the passage of the gigantic year-end spending bill that funded most of the federal government for fiscal 2012...